1. Working principle of pile driver
Pile driver is a piling machinery that uses impact force to penetrate piles into the ground. It consists of pile hammer, pile frame and ancillary equipment. The pile hammer is attached between two parallel vertical guide rods (commonly known as gantry) at the front of the pile frame and is lifted with a lifting hook. The pile frame is a steel structure tower with a winch at the rear for lifting piles and pile hammers. There is a guide frame composed of two guide rods in front of the pile frame to control the direction of piling so that the piles are accurately oriented according to the design. The ground penetrates into the ground. The tower and guide frame can be deflected together to drive inclined piles. The guide frame can also be extended downward along the tower to drive underwater piles along the embankment or dock. The pile frame can rotate and move. The basic technical parameters of the pile driver are the impact part weight, impact kinetic energy and impact frequency. Pile hammers can be divided into drop hammers, steam hammers, diesel hammers, hydraulic hammers, etc. according to the power source of their movement.
2. Types of pile drivers
1. Drop weight pile driver
The pile hammer is a steel weight that is lifted by a winch with a hook. After decoupling, it falls freely along the guide frame to drive piles.
2. Steam hammer pile driver
The pile hammer consists of a hammer head and a hammer base. It is powered by steam or compressed air. There are single-action steam hammers. and double-action steam hammer. The single-action steam hammer uses a plunger or cylinder as the hammer head. The steam drives the hammer head up, and then lets it fall along the guide rod of the hammer base to drive piles. Double-action steam hammers generally use a weighted plunger as the hammer head and a cylinder as the hammer seat. The steam drives the hammer head upward and then drives the hammer head downward to impact the pile. The up and down reciprocating speed is fast and the frequency is high, which causes the pile to vibrate when it penetrates into the ground, which can reduce frictional resistance and achieve good piling effect. The differential steam hammer with two-way unequal force has a light hammer base, a relatively large effective impact weight, and better performance. The reversing direction of the steam hammer’s inlet and exhaust steam swirl valves can be controlled manually or automatically by a flange lever mounted on one side of the hammer head and rising and falling with the hammer head. Both methods can adjust the impact stroke of the steam hammer.
3. Diesel hammer pile driver
The main body is also composed of a cylinder and a plunger. Its working principle is similar to that of a single-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine. It uses injection The atomized diesel in the cylinder combustion chamber is driven by the strong pressure generated by the high-pressure and high-temperature explosion to drive the hammer head to work. Diesel hammers are divided into guide rod type and barrel type according to their structural forms. The guide rod type diesel hammer uses the plunger as the hammer seat to press on the pile cap, and the cylinder as the hammer head to move up and down along the two guide rods. When driving piles, first lift the pilesGet into position in the pile frame gantry, then place the diesel hammer on the top of the pile, lower the hook to lift the cylinder, and then disengage the hook to let the cylinder drop and insert the plunger, compress the air enclosed in the cylinder, and the cylinder continues It falls until the pressure pin outside the cylinder pushes the rocker of the fuel pump on the hammer base, and the fuel pump sprays oil mist into the cylinder. When the oil mist encounters high-temperature gas above the ignition point, it explodes immediately, and the explosive force downwards The impact makes the pile sink, push upward, and make the cylinder rise. When the cylinder falls along the guide rod again, the second impact cycle begins. The cylinder-type diesel hammer uses the cylinder as the hammer seat and is directly guided by the lengthened inner wall of the cylinder, eliminating the need for two guide rods. The plunger is the hammer head and can move up and down in the cylinder. When driving a pile, press the pile cap at the bottom of the hammer base on the top of the pile, use a hook to lift the plunger, and then decouple it and impact downward to compress the air enclosed in the cylinder. And perform fuel injection, explosion, impact, ventilation and other working processes. The work of the diesel hammer is started by compression ignition of diesel, so it is necessary to ensure that the closed gas in the cylinder reaches a certain compression ratio. Sometimes when driving piles on soft soil strata, the reaction force is too small and the compression amount is not enough to ignite. To detonate, you need to use a hook to lift the hammer head several times to decouple and impact it before it can start. The hammer base of the diesel hammer is equipped with a fuel injection pump, a fuel tank, a cooling water tank and a pile cap. The active gap between the plunger and the cylinder is sealed with an elastic plunger ring.
4. Hydraulic hammer pile driver
Using oil pressure as power, the hydraulic pressure can be adjusted according to different soil quality to achieve appropriate impact force for piling. , is a new type of pile driver. Small and medium-sized hydraulic piling machines are often used for piling highway guardrails and highway guardrail construction. Similar piling equipment includes: hydraulic pile driver, highway pile driver, guardrail pile driver, and highway drilling machine. Compared with diesel pile drivers, the energy transfer efficiency of hydraulic hammer pile drivers can reach 70% to 95%, while the energy transfer efficiency of diesel hammer pile drivers is only 20% to 30%. Hydraulic hammer pile drivers have precise pile control and can Achieve piling operations in different strata; the hydraulic hammer pile driver has excellent performance in reducing noise, vibration and noise, and is especially suitable for urban construction needs. The hydraulic hammer pile driver has obvious energy saving and emission reduction effects, and will be the mainstream of future pile driver development.
5. Spiral pile driver
Screw pile driver is a drill bit driven by a power head Piling equipment that drills holes into the ground. The screw pile driver can be divided into two parts: the pile frame and the drilling part.
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